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一、yum命令的基本安装功能
[rootlocalhost ~]# man yum
command is one of: * install package1 [package2] [...]#xff1a; ins…前些天发现了一个巨牛的人工智能学习网站通俗易懂风趣幽默忍不住分享一下给大家。点击跳转到教程。
一、yum命令的基本安装功能
[rootlocalhost ~]# man yum
command is one of: * install package1 [package2] [...] install 包名
yum -y: 安装时自动回答为yes * reinstall package1 [package2] [...] 重新安装 *** 补充rmp命令rpm -ql 包名 查询包安装生成的文件清单 rpm -qf /path/to/file_name: 查询某文件是由哪个软件包生成的
* provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
使用yum来查询软件包生成哪些文件以及文件是由哪个软件包生成的。 * update [package1] [package2] [...] 升级版本可加多个包
* update-to [package1] [package2] [...] 指定升级到哪个版本 * downgrade package1 [package2] [...] 降级 * check-update 安装前检查有哪些可以升级的软件包 * upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
* upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...] 这两个命令已经被update取代了 * remove | erase package1 [package2] [...] 清除软件包使用yum来清除包会同时清除它被依赖的包 * search string1 [string2] [...] 只记得部分字符可以进行模糊查询 * groupinstall group1 [group2] [...] 组安装 1 针对RHEL 6 Development tools Server Platform Development Desktop Platform Development 2 针对RHEL 5 Development tools development libraries 安装了这些这些组之后就可以编译rpm包了即将源码制作成二进制格式包 * groupupdate group1 [group2] [...] 升级组 * groupremove group1 [group2] [...] 移除组 * localinstall yum除了可以自动安装外也可以将软件包下载到本地然后手动安装 1RHEL 6
统一使用yum install 来安装即可 2RHEL 5 需要使用yum localinstall 来安装同样手动升级可以使用yum localupdateRHEL6处于兼容性需求也支持这样的用法。 yum安装软件包最大的优势在于可以自动解决依赖关系 -- nogpgcheck
对比rpm包yum即使使用了localinstall也会检查软件包的来源合法性如果密钥无法匹配则下载到本地的软件包也无法使用yum安装故可以使用长选项 --nogpgcheck来避免检查 * history : 查看此前的安装卸载等操作历史 二、yum命令安装实例演示
/*-------- 1 基本安装 --------*/
[rootlocalhost ~]# yum install bind-chroot 1 2 3 4 5 6 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Package 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do # 已经安装了最新版无需安装 现在先卸载这个软件包
[rootlocalhost ~]# rpm -e bind-chroot 1 grep: /etc/sysconfig/named: No such file or directory [rootlocalhost ~]# rpm -e bind-chroot --force 1 rpm: only installation, upgrading, rmsource and rmspec may be forced [rootlocalhost ~]# rpm -e bind-chroot 1 error: package bind-chroot is not installed [rootlocalhost ~]# yum install bind-chroot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies -- Running transaction check --- Package bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed -- Processing Dependency: bind 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 for package: 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 -- Running transaction check --- Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed -- Finished Dependency Resolution #依赖关系自动解决 Dependencies Resolved Package Arch Version Repository Size Installing: bind-chroot x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 base 71 k Installing for dependencies: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 base 4.0 M Transaction Summary Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 4.0 M Installed size: 7.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: # 输入y表示安装N表示不安装默认为不安装yum可以使用-y自动回答安装 Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 42 MB/s | 4.0 MB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/2 Installing : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 2/2 Installed: bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 Dependency Installed: bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 Complete! /*-------- 2 重新安装 --------*/ [rootlocalhost ~]# yum install bind 1 2 3 4 5 6 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Package 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do # 提示已经安装过了 [rootlocalhost ~]# yum reinstall bind 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 # 不论是否安装都会重新安装一遍 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Reinstall Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies -- Running transaction check --- Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be reinstalled -- Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved Package Arch Version Repository Size Reinstalling: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 base 4.0 M Transaction Summary Reinstall 1 Package(s) Total download size: 4.0 M Installed size: 7.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/1 Installed: bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 Complete! /*-------- 3 卸载软件包 --------*/
[rootlocalhost ~]# yum remove bind 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies -- Running transaction check --- Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be erased -- Processing Dependency: bind 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 for package: 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 -- Running transaction check --- Package bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be erased -- Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved Package Arch Version Repository Size Removing: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 base 7.3 M Removing for dependencies: bind-chroot x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 base 0.0 # 清除bind的同时会清除bind-chroot因为bind-chroot是依赖于bind的 Transaction Summary Remove 2 Package(s) Installed size: 7.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/2 Erasing : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 2/2 warning: /etc/sysconfig/named saved as /etc/sysconfig/named.rpmsave Verifying : 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 2/2 Removed: bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 Dependency Removed: bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 Complete! /*-------- 4软件包安装信息查询 --------*/
[rootlocalhost ~]# rpm -qf /etc/inittab 1 initscripts-9.03.40-2.el6.centos.x86_64 [rootlocalhost ~]# rpm -qf /etc/fstab 1 setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch [rootlocalhost ~]# yum provides /etc/fstab 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files # 此包生成了/etc/fstab Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /etc/fstab setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch : A set of system configuration and setup files Repo : installed Matched from: Other : Provides-match: /etc/fstab [rootlocalhost ~]# yum provides /etc/named.conf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 #也可以显示没有安装的文件 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 : The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) DNS (Domain Name System) : server # 这个包之前被卸载了这里显示的是服务器仓库上的包 Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /etc/named.conf /*-------- 5 模糊匹配查询 --------*/
[rootlocalhost ~]# yum search init 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile N/S Matched: init initscripts.x86_64 : The inittab file and the /etc/init.d scripts iscsi-initiator-utils-devel.x86_64 : Development files for ... upstart.x86_64 : An event-driven init system xhtml1-dtds.noarch : XHTML 1.0 document type definitions xorg-x11-xinit-session.x86_64 : Display manager support for ~/.xsession and ~/.Xclients Name and summary matches only, use search all for everything. /*-------- 6 安装包组 --------*/ 通常安装开发环境为避免依赖关系通常需要安装三个组Development tools; Server Platform Development; Desktop Platform Development
[rootlocalhost ~]# yum grouplist 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile base/group_gz | 220 kB 00:00 ... Installed Groups: Additional Development Base Debugging Tools ... Web Server X Window System Installed Language Groups: Arabic Support [ar] ... Venda Support [ve] Available Groups: Backup Client ... iSCSI Storage Client Available Language Groups: Afrikaans Support [af] ... Zulu Support [zu] Done [rootlocalhost~]#yum -y groupinstall Development tools Server Platform Development Desktop Platform Development 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ... pixman-devel x86_64 0.26.2-5.el6_4 base 18 k ppl x86_64 0.10.2-11.el6 base 1.3 M systemtap-client x86_64 2.3-3.el6 base 3.4 M systemtap-devel x86_64 2.3-3.el6 base 1.4 M xorg-x11-proto-devel noarch 7.6-25.el6 base 274 k yajl x86_64 1.0.7-3.el6 base 27 k Transaction Summary Install 115 Package(s) Total download size: 123 M Installed size: 404 M ... systemtap-devel.x86_64 0:2.3-3.el6 xorg-x11-proto-devel.noarch 0:7.6-25.el6 yajl.x86_64 0:1.0.7-3.el6 Complete! /*-------- 7 通过yum下载到本地然后手动安装软件包 --------*/
[rootlocalhost ~]# cd /media/cdrom/Packages/
[rootlocalhost Packages]# yum install bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 # 这个包已经下载到本地了因此不再从服务器下载 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Examining bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm: 32:bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 Marking bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies -- Running transaction check --- Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed -- Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved Package Arch Version Repository Size Installing: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 /bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 7.3 M Transaction Summary Install 1 Package(s) Total size: 7.3 M Installed size: 7.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: N [rootlocalhost Packages]# yum localinstall bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Local Package Process Examining bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm: 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 Marking bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64.rpm to be installed Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies -- Running transaction check --- Package bind-chroot.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed -- Processing Dependency: bind 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 for package: 32:bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 -- Running transaction check --- Package bind.x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 will be installed -- Finished Dependency Resolution # 可以看到使用localinstall 也会自动解决依赖关系 Dependencies Resolved Package Arch Version Repository Size Installing: bind-chroot x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 /bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64 0.0 Installing for dependencies: bind x86_64 32:9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6 base 4.0 M Transaction Summary Install 2 Package(s) Total download size: 4.0 M Installed size: 7.3 M Is this ok [y/N]: n Exiting on user Command /*-------- 8) 查看yum命令的历史记录 --------*/ [rootlocalhost ~]# yum history 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 | root root | 2014-08-17 06:53 | Install | 115 4 | root root | 2014-08-17 06:37 | Erase | 2 EE 3 | root root | 2014-08-17 06:20 | Reinstall | 1 2 | root root | 2014-08-17 06:16 | Install | 2 1 | System unset | 2014-07-09 21:22 | Install | 1205 history list /*-------- 9) 使用yum安装lftp工具包 --------*/ 现在来安装一个比较常用的ftp工具包 lftp [rootlocalhost ~]# rpm -ql lftp 1 2 # 首先检查这个软件包有没有安装 package lftp is not installed [rootlocalhost ~]# yum install lftp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies -- Running transaction check --- Package lftp.x86_64 0:4.0.9-1.el6 will be installed -- Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved Package Arch Version Repository Size Installing: lftp x86_64 4.0.9-1.el6 cdrom-centos6 753 k Transaction Summary Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 753 k Installed size: 2.5 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : lftp-4.0.9-1.el6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : lftp-4.0.9-1.el6.x86_64 1/1 Installed: lftp.x86_64 0:4.0.9-1.el6 Complete! 安装完成现在可以使用lftp来ping服务器了 [rootlocalhost ~]# ifconfig 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:CA:DF:46 inet addr:192.168.56.103 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 # 本机的IP地址 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:feca:df46/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:114790 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:46931 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:10065569 (9.5 MiB) TX bytes:12450568 (11.8 MiB) [rootlocalhost ~]# lftp 192.168.56.103 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 lftp 192.168.56.103:~ pwd ftp://192.168.56.103 # 查看登陆的站点 lftp 192.168.56.103:~ !pwd /root #查看本地目录 lftp可以使用的基本命令有
get 下载单个文件
mget下载多个文件
mirror镜像一个目录到本地
bye退出
cd切换目录
pwd查看当前位置 转自http://blog.51cto.com/wuyelan/1615130
