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前言
改进过程一
增加提示信息
原版帮助摘要
pygame.draw
pygame.font
class Rect
class Surface
改进过程二
增加显示得分
改进过程三
增加背景景乐
增加提示音效
音乐切换
静音切换
mixer.music.play 注意事项
原版帮助摘要
pygame.mixer
pygame.mix…
目录
前言
改进过程一
增加提示信息
原版帮助摘要
pygame.draw
pygame.font
class Rect
class Surface
改进过程二
增加显示得分
改进过程三
增加背景景乐
增加提示音效
音乐切换
静音切换
mixer.music.play 注意事项
原版帮助摘要
pygame.mixer
pygame.mixer.Sound
小结
pygame编程框架 前言
在上一篇博文里从讯飞星火中获取到游戏“贪吃蛇”的代码运行效果如上图。代码并不完整当蛇死了就退出游戏不能多次玩这个游戏。
前文链接
讯飞星火、文心一言和通义千问同时编“贪吃蛇”游戏谁会胜出
代码如下
import pygame
import sys
import random# 定义颜色
WHITE (255, 255, 255)
GREEN (0, 255, 0)
RED (255, 0, 0)
GREY (211, 211, 211) # 淡灰色def init():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamepygame.init()# 设置屏幕大小screen_size (640, 480)screen pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 设置游戏标题pygame.display.set_caption(贪吃蛇)# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed [20, 0]def repaint():# 绘制游戏界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定义线段的端点坐标x,y (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函数绘制线段points list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 线宽为1points list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 重画蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 主循环while True:# 处理游戏事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key pygame.K_UP:snake_speed [0, -20]elif event.key pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed [0, 20]elif event.key pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed [-20, 0]elif event.key pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed [20, 0]# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] snake_speed[1]])# 检查蛇头是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] food_pos:food_pos [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 检查蛇头是否碰到墙壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] 0 or snake_pos[0][0] screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] 0 or snake_pos[0][1] screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:game_quit()此处可增加与用户的交互如if askyesno(title,again?):init() # Yes to Play againelse:game_quit() # No to Exit# 重画界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戏速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ __main__:init()main()
改进过程一
增加提示信息
之前没有仔细学过pygame的编程刚好拿这例程练练手在不断改进中学习pygame编程。
原代码一执行蛇就开始游动了就从这里入手。开始前增加显示“按任意键开始...”的提示。 蛇死后提醒是否重来Yes to play again, No to quit game. 同时在游戏中允许按ESC键暂停游戏再按一次继续。 由于没查到 pygame 有弹出信息窗口的方法(函数)于是用了DOS时代显示信息窗口的办法画多个矩形窗口来模拟窗口最后在矩形框上写上提示文字。代码如下
def show_msg(msg, color BLUE): x screen.get_rect().centerx y screen.get_rect().centery - 50 font pygame.font.Font(None, 36) text font.render(msg, True, color) text_rect text.get_rect() text_rect.centerx x text_rect.centery y rectangle1 pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60) rectangle2 pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60) pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1) pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2) pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 边框宽为2 screen.blit(text, text_rect) pygame.display.flip() 原版帮助摘要
pygame.draw
NAME pygame.draw - pygame module for drawing shapes
FUNCTIONS aaline(...) aaline(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos) - Rect aaline(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos, blend1) - Rect draw a straight antialiased line aalines(...) aalines(surface, color, closed, points) - Rect aalines(surface, color, closed, points, blend1) - Rect draw multiple contiguous straight antialiased line segments arc(...) arc(surface, color, rect, start_angle, stop_angle) - Rect arc(surface, color, rect, start_angle, stop_angle, width1) - Rect draw an elliptical arc circle(...) circle(surface, color, center, radius) - Rect circle(surface, color, center, radius, width0, draw_top_rightNone, draw_top_leftNone, draw_bottom_leftNone, draw_bottom_rightNone) - Rect draw a circle ellipse(...) ellipse(surface, color, rect) - Rect ellipse(surface, color, rect, width0) - Rect draw an ellipse line(...) line(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos) - Rect line(surface, color, start_pos, end_pos, width1) - Rect draw a straight line lines(...) lines(surface, color, closed, points) - Rect lines(surface, color, closed, points, width1) - Rect draw multiple contiguous straight line segments polygon(...) polygon(surface, color, points) - Rect polygon(surface, color, points, width0) - Rect draw a polygon rect(...) rect(surface, color, rect) - Rect rect(surface, color, rect, width0, border_radius0, border_top_left_radius-1, border_top_right_radius-1, border_bottom_left_radius-1, border_bottom_right_radius-1) - Rect draw a rectangle pygame.font
NAME pygame.font - pygame module for loading and rendering fonts
CLASSES builtins.object Font class Font(builtins.object) | Font(file_pathNone, size12) - Font | Font(file_path, size) - Font | Font(pathlib.Path, size) - Font | Font(object, size) - Font | create a new Font object from a file | | Methods defined here: | | __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs) | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. | | get_ascent(...) | get_ascent() - int | get the ascent of the font | | get_bold(...) | get_bold() - bool | check if text will be rendered bold | | get_descent(...) | get_descent() - int | get the descent of the font | | get_height(...) | get_height() - int | get the height of the font | | get_italic(...) | get_italic() - bool | check if the text will be rendered italic | | get_linesize(...) | get_linesize() - int | get the line space of the font text | | get_strikethrough(...) | get_strikethrough() - bool | check if text will be rendered with a strikethrough | | get_underline(...) | get_underline() - bool | check if text will be rendered with an underline | | metrics(...) | metrics(text) - list | gets the metrics for each character in the passed string | | render(...) | render(text, antialias, color, backgroundNone) - Surface | draw text on a new Surface | | set_bold(...) | set_bold(bool) - None | enable fake rendering of bold text | | set_italic(...) | set_italic(bool) - None | enable fake rendering of italic text | | set_script(...) | set_script(str) - None | set the script code for text shaping | | set_strikethrough(...) | set_strikethrough(bool) - None | control if text is rendered with a strikethrough | | set_underline(...) | set_underline(bool) - None | control if text is rendered with an underline | | size(...) | size(text) - (width, height) | determine the amount of space needed to render text | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here: | | bold | bold - bool | Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered in (faked) bold. | | italic | italic - bool | Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered in (faked) italics. | | strikethrough | strikethrough - bool | Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered with a strikethrough. | | underline | underline - bool | Gets or sets whether the font should be rendered with an underline. class Rect
Help on class Rect in module pygame.rect:
class Rect(builtins.object) | Rect(left, top, width, height) - Rect | Rect((left, top), (width, height)) - Rect | Rect(object) - Rect | pygame object for storing rectangular coordinates | | Methods defined here: | | clamp(...) | clamp(Rect) - Rect | moves the rectangle inside another | | clamp_ip(...) | clamp_ip(Rect) - None | moves the rectangle inside another, in place | | clip(...) | clip(Rect) - Rect | crops a rectangle inside another | | clipline(...) | clipline(x1, y1, x2, y2) - ((cx1, cy1), (cx2, cy2)) | clipline(x1, y1, x2, y2) - () | clipline((x1, y1), (x2, y2)) - ((cx1, cy1), (cx2, cy2)) | clipline((x1, y1), (x2, y2)) - () | clipline((x1, y1, x2, y2)) - ((cx1, cy1), (cx2, cy2)) | clipline((x1, y1, x2, y2)) - () | clipline(((x1, y1), (x2, y2))) - ((cx1, cy1), (cx2, cy2)) | clipline(((x1, y1), (x2, y2))) - () | crops a line inside a rectangle | | collidedict(...) | collidedict(dict) - (key, value) | collidedict(dict) - None | collidedict(dict, use_values0) - (key, value) | collidedict(dict, use_values0) - None | test if one rectangle in a dictionary intersects | | collidedictall(...) | collidedictall(dict) - [(key, value), ...] | collidedictall(dict, use_values0) - [(key, value), ...] | test if all rectangles in a dictionary intersect | | collidelist(...) | collidelist(list) - index | test if one rectangle in a list intersects | | collidelistall(...) | collidelistall(list) - indices | test if all rectangles in a list intersect | | collideobjects(...) | collideobjects(rect_list) - object | collideobjects(obj_list, keyfunc) - object | test if any object in a list intersects | | collideobjectsall(...) | collideobjectsall(rect_list) - objects | collideobjectsall(obj_list, keyfunc) - objects | test if all objects in a list intersect | | collidepoint(...) | collidepoint(x, y) - bool | collidepoint((x,y)) - bool | test if a point is inside a rectangle | | colliderect(...) | colliderect(Rect) - bool | test if two rectangles overlap | | contains(...) | contains(Rect) - bool | test if one rectangle is inside another | | copy(...) | copy() - Rect | copy the rectangle | | fit(...) | fit(Rect) - Rect | resize and move a rectangle with aspect ratio | | inflate(...) | inflate(x, y) - Rect | grow or shrink the rectangle size | | inflate_ip(...) | inflate_ip(x, y) - None | grow or shrink the rectangle size, in place | | move(...) | move(x, y) - Rect | moves the rectangle | | move_ip(...) | move_ip(x, y) - None | moves the rectangle, in place | | normalize(...) | normalize() - None | correct negative sizes | | scale_by(...) | scale_by(scalar) - Rect | scale_by(scalex, scaley) - Rect | scale the rectangle by given a multiplier | | scale_by_ip(...) | scale_by_ip(scalar) - None | scale_by_ip(scalex, scaley) - None | grow or shrink the rectangle size, in place | | union(...) | union(Rect) - Rect | joins two rectangles into one | | union_ip(...) | union_ip(Rect) - None | joins two rectangles into one, in place | | unionall(...) | unionall(Rect_sequence) - Rect | the union of many rectangles | | unionall_ip(...) | unionall_ip(Rect_sequence) - None | the union of many rectangles, in place | | update(...) | update(left, top, width, height) - None | update((left, top), (width, height)) - None | update(object) - None | sets the position and size of the rectangle class Surface
class Surface(builtins.object) | Surface((width, height), flags0, depth0, masksNone) - Surface | Surface((width, height), flags0, Surface) - Surface | pygame object for representing images | | Methods defined here: | | blit(...) | blit(source, dest, areaNone, special_flags0) - Rect | draw one image onto another | | blits(...) | blits(blit_sequence((source, dest), ...), doreturn1) - [Rect, ...] or None | blits(((source, dest, area), ...)) - [Rect, ...] | blits(((source, dest, area, special_flags), ...)) - [Rect, ...] | draw many images onto another | | convert(...) | convert(SurfaceNone) - Surface | convert(depth, flags0) - Surface | convert(masks, flags0) - Surface | change the pixel format of an image | | convert_alpha(...) | convert_alpha(Surface) - Surface | convert_alpha() - Surface | change the pixel format of an image including per pixel alphas | | copy(...) | copy() - Surface | create a new copy of a Surface | | fill(...) | fill(color, rectNone, special_flags0) - Rect | fill Surface with a solid color | | get_abs_offset(...) | get_abs_offset() - (x, y) | find the absolute position of a child subsurface inside its top level parent | | get_abs_parent(...) | get_abs_parent() - Surface | find the top level parent of a subsurface | | get_alpha(...) | get_alpha() - int_value | get the current Surface transparency value | | get_at(...) | get_at((x, y)) - Color | get the color value at a single pixel | | get_at_mapped(...) | get_at_mapped((x, y)) - Color | get the mapped color value at a single pixel | | get_bitsize(...) | get_bitsize() - int | get the bit depth of the Surface pixel format | | get_blendmode(...) | Return the surfaces SDL 2 blend mode | | get_bounding_rect(...) | get_bounding_rect(min_alpha 1) - Rect | find the smallest rect containing data | | get_buffer(...) | get_buffer() - BufferProxy | acquires a buffer object for the pixels of the Surface. | | get_bytesize(...) | get_bytesize() - int | get the bytes used per Surface pixel | | get_clip(...) | get_clip() - Rect | get the current clipping area of the Surface | | get_colorkey(...) | get_colorkey() - RGB or None | Get the current transparent colorkey | | get_flags(...) | get_flags() - int | get the additional flags used for the Surface | | get_height(...) | get_height() - height | get the height of the Surface | | get_locked(...) | get_locked() - bool | test if the Surface is current locked | | get_locks(...) | get_locks() - tuple | Gets the locks for the Surface | | get_losses(...) | get_losses() - (R, G, B, A) | the significant bits used to convert between a color and a mapped integer | | get_masks(...) | get_masks() - (R, G, B, A) | the bitmasks needed to convert between a color and a mapped integer | | get_offset(...) | get_offset() - (x, y) | find the position of a child subsurface inside a parent | | get_palette(...) | get_palette() - [RGB, RGB, RGB, ...] | get the color index palette for an 8-bit Surface | | get_palette_at(...) | get_palette_at(index) - RGB | get the color for a single entry in a palette | | get_parent(...) | get_parent() - Surface | find the parent of a subsurface | | get_pitch(...) | get_pitch() - int | get the number of bytes used per Surface row | | get_rect(...) | get_rect(**kwargs) - Rect | get the rectangular area of the Surface | | get_shifts(...) | get_shifts() - (R, G, B, A) | the bit shifts needed to convert between a color and a mapped integer | | get_size(...) | get_size() - (width, height) | get the dimensions of the Surface | | get_view(...) | get_view(kind2) - BufferProxy | return a buffer view of the Surfaces pixels. | | get_width(...) | get_width() - width | get the width of the Surface | | lock(...) | lock() - None | lock the Surface memory for pixel access | | map_rgb(...) | map_rgb(Color) - mapped_int | convert a color into a mapped color value | | mustlock(...) | mustlock() - bool | test if the Surface requires locking | | premul_alpha(...) | premul_alpha() - Surface | returns a copy of the surface with the RGB channels pre-multiplied by the alpha channel. | | scroll(...) | scroll(dx0, dy0) - None | Shift the surface image in place | | set_alpha(...) | set_alpha(value, flags0) - None | set_alpha(None) - None | set the alpha value for the full Surface image | | set_at(...) | set_at((x, y), Color) - None | set the color value for a single pixel | | set_clip(...) | set_clip(rect) - None | set_clip(None) - None | set the current clipping area of the Surface | | set_colorkey(...) | set_colorkey(Color, flags0) - None | set_colorkey(None) - None | Set the transparent colorkey | | set_masks(...) | set_masks((r,g,b,a)) - None | set the bitmasks needed to convert between a color and a mapped integer | | set_palette(...) | set_palette([RGB, RGB, RGB, ...]) - None | set the color palette for an 8-bit Surface | | set_palette_at(...) | set_palette_at(index, RGB) - None | set the color for a single index in an 8-bit Surface palette | | set_shifts(...) | set_shifts((r,g,b,a)) - None | sets the bit shifts needed to convert between a color and a mapped integer | | subsurface(...) | subsurface(Rect) - Surface | create a new surface that references its parent | | unlock(...) | unlock() - None | unlock the Surface memory from pixel access | | unmap_rgb(...) | unmap_rgb(mapped_int) - Color | convert a mapped integer color value into a Color 另外增加了3个状态变量初始状态为 is_running False is_paused False is_dead False
增加了4个按键判别
is_dead时判断重新开始还是退出游戏
pygame.K_y: 字母Y/y pygame.K_n: 字母N/n
暂停和恢复
pygame.K_ESCAPE: Esc键 pygame.K_SPACE: 空格键
完整代码如下
import pygame
import sys
import random# 定义颜色
BLACK (0, 0, 0)
WHITE (255, 255, 255)
RED (255, 0, 0)
GREEN (0, 255, 0)
BLUE (0, 0, 255)
GREY (220, 220, 220) # 淡灰色
DARK (120, 120, 120) # 深灰色def init():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamepygame.init()# 设置屏幕大小screen_size (640, 480)screen pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 设置游戏标题pygame.display.set_caption(贪吃蛇)# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed [20, 0]def show_msg(msg, color BLUE):x screen.get_rect().centerxy screen.get_rect().centery - 50font pygame.font.Font(None, 36)text font.render(msg, True, color)text_rect text.get_rect()text_rect.centerx xtext_rect.centery yrectangle1 pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)rectangle2 pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 边框宽为2screen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def repaint():# 绘制游戏界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定义线段的端点坐标x,y (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函数绘制线段points list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 线宽为1points list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 重画蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_sizeglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speedis_running Falseis_paused Falseis_dead Falserepaint()show_msg(Press any key to start ...)# 主循环while True:# 处理游戏事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key pygame.K_UP:snake_speed [0, -20]elif event.key pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed [0, 20]elif event.key pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed [-20, 0]elif event.key pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed [20, 0]elif event.key pygame.K_y:if is_dead:init()is_dead Falseis_running Trueelif event.key pygame.K_n:if is_dead: game_quit()else: is_running Trueelif event.key pygame.K_ESCAPE:if is_running:show_msg( Paused )is_paused not is_pausedelse: # 任意键进入开始状态is_running Trueif not is_running: continueif is_paused and is_running: continue# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] snake_speed[1]])# 检查蛇头是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] food_pos:food_pos [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 检查蛇头是否碰到墙壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] 0 or snake_pos[0][0] screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] 0 or snake_pos[0][1] screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:show_msg(Dead! Again? (Y or N))is_running Falseis_dead Truecontinue# 重画界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戏速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ __main__:init()main()
改进过程二
增加显示得分
每吃到一个食物10分蛇长和食物靠近边界会有额外加分顺带显示出蛇的坐标位置。 函数show_msg_at()比show_msg增加x,y坐标把信息显示到指定的位置
def show_msg_at(x, y, msg): font pygame.font.SysFont(Consolas, 14) # 使用系统字库 text font.render(msg, True, BLACK) text_rect text.get_rect() text_rect.x, text_rect.y x, y screen.blit(text, text_rect) pygame.display.flip()
另外新增一个全局变量 scores当碰到食物时加10分蛇长超过5以及食物靠近边界的距离小3会有额外加分规则可以自己定例如 if snake_pos[0] food_pos: scores 10 len(snake_pos) // 5 if not 1 snake_pos[0][0]//20 30 or not 1 snake_pos[0][1]//20 22: scores 5
完整代码如下
import pygame
import sys
import random# 定义颜色
BLACK (0, 0, 0)
WHITE (255, 255, 255)
RED (255, 0, 0)
GREEN (0, 255, 0)
BLUE (0, 0, 255)
GREY (220, 220, 220) # 淡灰色
DARK (120, 120, 120) # 深灰色def init():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamescores 0pygame.init()# 设置屏幕大小screen_size (640, 480)screen pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 设置游戏标题pygame.display.set_caption(贪吃蛇)# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed [20, 0]def show_msg(msg, color BLUE):x screen.get_rect().centerxy screen.get_rect().centery - 50font pygame.font.Font(None, 36)text font.render(msg, True, color)text_rect text.get_rect()text_rect.centerx xtext_rect.centery yrectangle1 pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)rectangle2 pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 边框宽为2screen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def repaint():# 绘制游戏界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定义线段的端点坐标x,y (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函数绘制线段points list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 线宽为1points list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 重画蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()show_msg_at(22, 6, fScores: {scores})show_msg_at(410, 6, fSnake coordinate: ({1snake_pos[0][0]//20:2}, {1snake_pos[0][1]//20:2}))def show_msg_at(x, y, msg):font pygame.font.SysFont(Consolas, 14)text font.render(msg, True, BLACK)text_rect text.get_rect()text_rect.x, text_rect.y x, yscreen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speedis_running Falseis_paused Falseis_dead Falserepaint()show_msg(Press any key to start ...)# 主循环while True:# 处理游戏事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key pygame.K_UP:snake_speed [0, -20]elif event.key pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed [0, 20]elif event.key pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed [-20, 0]elif event.key pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed [20, 0]elif event.key pygame.K_y:if is_dead:init()is_dead Falseis_running Trueelif event.key pygame.K_n:if is_dead: game_quit()else: is_running Trueelif event.key pygame.K_SPACE:if is_dead: continueif is_paused: is_paused Falseis_running Trueelif event.key pygame.K_ESCAPE:if is_running:show_msg( Paused )is_paused not is_pausedelse: # 任意键进入开始状态if is_dead: continueis_running Trueif not is_running: continueif is_paused and is_running: continue# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] snake_speed[1]])# 检查蛇头是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] food_pos:scores 10 len(snake_pos) // 5if not 1 snake_pos[0][0]//20 30 or not 1 snake_pos[0][1]//20 22:scores 5 food_pos [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 检查蛇头是否碰到墙壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] 0 or snake_pos[0][0] screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] 0 or snake_pos[0][1] screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:show_msg(Dead! Again? (Y or N))is_running Falseis_dead Truecontinue# 重画界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戏速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ __main__:init()main()
改进过程三
增加背景景乐
def play_music(mp3, volume 1, loops -1): # 初始化pygame的mixer模块 pygame.mixer.init() # 加载音乐文件 pygame.mixer.music.load(mp3) # 控制音量 volume 0~11为最高音量 pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(volume) # 播放音乐 loops -1 为循环播放 pygame.mixer.music.play(loops)
增加提示音效
def play_sound(wav_no): sound_fn fsound{wav_no}.wav if os.path.exists(sound_fn): alert_sound pygame.mixer.Sound(sound_fn) alert_sound.play()
音乐切换
快捷键 CtrlM elif event.key pygame.K_m and event.mod pygame.KMOD_CTRL: # CtrlM 切换背景音乐 is_mute False music_no 1 if music_no 3 else music_no 1 music_fn fvoice{music_no}.mp3 if os.path.exists(music_fn): t threading.Thread(targetplay_music, args(music_fn,0.8,)) t.start()
静音切换
快捷键 CtrlS elif event.key pygame.K_s and event.mod pygame.KMOD_CTRL: # CtrlS 切换静音状态 is_mute not is_mute if is_mute: pygame.mixer.music.pause() else: pygame.mixer.music.unpause()
mixer.music.play 注意事项
1. pygame.mixer.music.play() 只能播放pygame支持的音频格式包括WAV, MP3等。
2. 如果音频文件未找到或无法读取pygame.mixer.music.play( ) 会抛出一个异常。使用需要确保音频文件的路径正确且文件存在。导入os库用os.path.exists(music_file) 判断文件是否存在。
3. pygame.mixer.music.play() 是一个阻塞函数在音频播放期间程序将不会执行其他操作。如果需要在播放同时执行其他操作需要在一个单独的线程中调用pygame.mixer.music.play()。
4. 多线程需要导入threading库例如 t threading.Thread(targetplay_music, args(music_fn,0.8,)) t.start() 原版帮助摘要
pygame.mixer
NAME pygame.mixer_music - pygame module for controlling streamed audio
FUNCTIONS fadeout(...) fadeout(time) - None stop music playback after fading out get_busy(...) get_busy() - bool check if the music stream is playing get_endevent(...) get_endevent() - type get the event a channel sends when playback stops get_pos(...) get_pos() - time get the music play time get_volume(...) get_volume() - value get the music volume load(...) load(filename) - None load(fileobj, namehint) - None Load a music file for playback pause(...) pause() - None temporarily stop music playback play(...) play(loops0, start0.0, fade_ms0) - None Start the playback of the music stream queue(...) queue(filename) - None queue(fileobj, namehint, loops0) - None queue a sound file to follow the current rewind(...) rewind() - None restart music set_endevent(...) set_endevent() - None set_endevent(type) - None have the music send an event when playback stops set_pos(...) set_pos(pos) - None set position to play from set_volume(...) set_volume(volume) - None set the music volume stop(...) stop() - None stop the music playback unload(...) unload() - None Unload the currently loaded music to free up resources unpause(...) unpause() - None resume paused music pygame.mixer.Sound
class Sound(builtins.object) | Sound(filename) - Sound | Sound(filefilename) - Sound | Sound(filepathlib_path) - Sound | Sound(buffer) - Sound | Sound(bufferbuffer) - Sound | Sound(object) - Sound | Sound(fileobject) - Sound | Sound(arrayobject) - Sound | Create a new Sound object from a file or buffer object | | Methods defined here: | | __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs) | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. | | fadeout(...) | fadeout(time) - None | stop sound playback after fading out | | get_length(...) | get_length() - seconds | get the length of the Sound | | get_num_channels(...) | get_num_channels() - count | count how many times this Sound is playing | | get_raw(...) | get_raw() - bytes | return a bytestring copy of the Sound samples. | | get_volume(...) | get_volume() - value | get the playback volume | | play(...) | play(loops0, maxtime0, fade_ms0) - Channel | begin sound playback | | set_volume(...) | set_volume(value) - None | set the playback volume for this Sound | | stop(...) | stop() - None | stop sound playback 完整代码
import pygame
import sys, os
import random
import threading# 定义颜色
BLACK (0, 0, 0)
WHITE (255, 255, 255)
RED (255, 0, 0)
GREEN (0, 255, 0)
BLUE (0, 0, 255)
GREY (220, 220, 220) # 淡灰色
DARK (120, 120, 120) # 深灰色def init():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speed# 初始化pygamescores 0pygame.init()# 设置屏幕大小screen_size (640, 480)screen pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 设置游戏标题pygame.display.set_caption(贪吃蛇)# 蛇的初始位置snake_pos [[100, 100], [80, 100], [60, 100]]# 食物的初始位置food_pos [300, 300]# 蛇的初始速度snake_speed [20, 0]def play_music(mp3, volume 1, loops -1):# 初始化pygame的mixer模块pygame.mixer.init()# 加载音乐文件pygame.mixer.music.load(mp3)# 控制音量pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(volume)# 播放音乐pygame.mixer.music.play(loops)def play_sound(wav_no):sound_fn fsound{wav_no}.wavif os.path.exists(sound_fn):alert_sound pygame.mixer.Sound(sound_fn)alert_sound.play()def show_msg(msg, color BLUE):x screen.get_rect().centerxy screen.get_rect().centery - 50font pygame.font.Font(None, 36)text font.render(msg, True, color)text_rect text.get_rect()text_rect.centerx xtext_rect.centery yrectangle1 pygame.Rect(x-155, y-25, 320, 60)rectangle2 pygame.Rect(x-160, y-30, 320, 60)pygame.draw.rect(screen, DARK, rectangle1)pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREY, rectangle2)pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, rectangle2, 2) # 边框宽为2screen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def repaint():# 绘制游戏界面screen.fill(WHITE)# 定义线段的端点坐标x,y (-1,640,640,-1)*16, []for i in range(36):for _ in range(2):y.append(19i*20)# 使用pygame.draw.lines()函数绘制线段points list(zip(x,y))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 线宽为1points list(zip(y,x))pygame.draw.lines(screen, GREY, False, points, 1) # 重画蛇和食物for pos in snake_pos:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, pygame.Rect(pos[0], pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.draw.rect(screen, RED, pygame.Rect(food_pos[0], food_pos[1], 20, 20))pygame.display.flip()show_msg_at(22, 6, fScores: {scores})show_msg_at(410, 6, fSnake coordinate: ({1snake_pos[0][0]//20:2}, {1snake_pos[0][1]//20:2}))def show_msg_at(x, y, msg):font pygame.font.SysFont(Consolas, 14)text font.render(msg, True, BLACK)text_rect text.get_rect()text_rect.x, text_rect.y x, yscreen.blit(text, text_rect)pygame.display.flip()def game_quit():pygame.quit()sys.exit()def main():global screen, screen_size, scoresglobal snake_pos, food_pos, snake_speedis_running Falseis_paused Falseis_dead Falseis_mute Falserepaint()show_msg(Press any key to start ...)# 创建一个线程来播放音乐music_no 1music_fn voice1.mp3if os.path.exists(music_fn):t threading.Thread(targetplay_music, args(music_fn,0.8,))t.start()# 主循环while True:# 处理游戏事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type pygame.QUIT:game_quit()elif event.type pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key pygame.K_UP:snake_speed [0, -20]elif event.key pygame.K_DOWN:snake_speed [0, 20]elif event.key pygame.K_LEFT:snake_speed [-20, 0]elif event.key pygame.K_RIGHT:snake_speed [20, 0]elif event.key pygame.K_y:if is_dead:init()is_dead Falseis_running Trueelif event.key pygame.K_n:if is_dead: game_quit()else: is_running Trueelif event.key pygame.K_SPACE:if is_dead: continueif is_paused: is_paused Falseis_running Trueelif event.key pygame.K_ESCAPE:if is_running:show_msg( Paused )is_paused not is_pausedif not is_mute and is_paused: play_sound(1)elif event.key pygame.K_m and event.mod pygame.KMOD_CTRL:# CtrlM 切换背景音乐is_mute Falsemusic_no 1 if music_no 3 else music_no 1music_fn fvoice{music_no}.mp3if os.path.exists(music_fn):t threading.Thread(targetplay_music, args(music_fn,0.8,))t.start()elif event.key pygame.K_s and event.mod pygame.KMOD_CTRL:# CtrlS 切换静音状态is_mute not is_muteif is_mute:pygame.mixer.music.pause()else:pygame.mixer.music.unpause()is_running Trueelse: # 任意键进入开始状态if is_dead: continueis_running Trueif not is_running: continueif is_paused and is_running: continue# 更新蛇的位置snake_pos.insert(0, [snake_pos[0][0] snake_speed[0], snake_pos[0][1] snake_speed[1]])# 检查蛇头是否碰到食物if snake_pos[0] food_pos:scores 10 len(snake_pos) // 5if not 1 snake_pos[0][0]//20 30 or not 1 snake_pos[0][1]//20 22:scores 5if not is_mute: play_sound(2)food_pos [random.randrange(1, screen_size[0] // 20) * 20, random.randrange(1, screen_size[1] // 20) * 20]else:snake_pos.pop()# 检查蛇头是否碰到墙壁或者蛇身if snake_pos[0][0] 0 or snake_pos[0][0] screen_size[0] or snake_pos[0][1] 0 or snake_pos[0][1] screen_size[1] or snake_pos[0] in snake_pos[1:]:show_msg(Dead! Again? (Y or N))is_running Falseis_dead Trueif not is_mute: play_sound(3)continue# 重画界面及蛇和食物repaint()# 控制游戏速度pygame.time.Clock().tick(10)if __name__ __main__:init()main()
小结
本文以贪吃蛇游戏为例对pygame编程的一个简单框架进行了深入的学习包括对画图、字体、音乐等各个方面操作的各种方法和函数学习后在pygame这方面的编程能力有所长进提高。
pygame编程框架
import pygame
import sys# 初始化Pygame
pygame.init()# 设置窗口大小
screen_size (800, 600)# 创建窗口
screen pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)# 设置窗口标题
pygame.display.set_caption(Pygame Example)# 主循环
while True:# 处理事件for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()elif event.type ...... // 处理按键事件# 填充背景色screen.fill((255, 255, 255))# 绘制矩形pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 255), (400, 300, 100, 50))# 更新显示pygame.display.flip()
最终版的源代码及音乐文件列表如下 下载地址
https://download.csdn.net/download/boysoft2002/88231961
