网站建设及,网站建设确认表,廊坊网站建设品牌,网页基础知识在Ubuntu下安装Nginx有以下方法#xff0c;但是如果想要安装最新版本的就必须下载源码包编译安装。 一、基于APT源安装 sudo apt-get install nginx 安装好的文件位置#xff1a; /usr/sbin/nginx#xff1a;主程序 /etc/nginx#xff1a;存放配置文件 /usr/share/nginx但是如果想要安装最新版本的就必须下载源码包编译安装。 一、基于APT源安装 sudo apt-get install nginx 安装好的文件位置 /usr/sbin/nginx主程序 /etc/nginx存放配置文件 /usr/share/nginx存放静态文件 /var/log/nginx存放日志 其实从上面的根目录文件夹可以知道Linux系统的配置文件一般放在/etc日志一般放在/var/log运行的程序一般放在/usr/sbin或者/usr/bin。 当然如果要更清楚Nginx的配置项放在什么地方可以打开/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 我猜测Nginx如果指定默认加载/etc/nginx/nginx.conf的配置文件。如果要查看加载的是哪个配置文件可以用这个命令sudo nginx -t或者ps -ef | grep nginx 然后通过这种方式安装的会自动创建服务会自动在/etc/init.d/nginx新建服务脚本然后就可以使用sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}的命令启动。 脚本如下 #!/bin/sh### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFOPATH/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON/usr/sbin/nginx
NAMEnginx
DESCnginx# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then. /etc/default/nginx
fiSTOP_SCHEDULE${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}test -x $DAEMON || exit 0. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions# Try to extract nginx pidfile
PID$(cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | grep -Ev ^\s*# | awk BEGIN { RS[;{}] } { if ($1 pid) print $2 } | head -n1)
if [ -z $PID ]; thenPID/run/nginx.pid
fiif [ -n $ULIMIT ]; then# Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginxulimit $ULIMIT
fistart_nginx() {# Start the daemon/service## Returns:# 0 if daemon has been started# 1 if daemon was already running# 2 if daemon could not be startedstart-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test /dev/null \|| return 1start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \$DAEMON_OPTS 2/dev/null \|| return 2
}test_config() {# Test the nginx configuration$DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS /dev/null 21
}stop_nginx() {# Stops the daemon/service## Return# 0 if daemon has been stopped# 1 if daemon was already stopped# 2 if daemon could not be stopped# other if a failure occurredstart-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAMERETVAL$?sleep 1return $RETVAL
}reload_nginx() {# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/servicestart-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAMEreturn 0
}rotate_logs() {# Rotate log filesstart-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAMEreturn 0
}upgrade_nginx() {# Online upgrade nginx executable# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html## Return# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded# 1 if nginx is not running# 2 if the pid files were not created on time# 3 if the old master could not be killedif start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then# Wait for both old and new master to write their pid filewhile [ ! -s ${PID}.oldbin ] || [ ! -s ${PID} ]; docntexpr $cnt 1if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; thenreturn 2fisleep 1done# Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old masterif start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile ${PID}.oldbin --name $NAME; thenreturn 0elsereturn 3fielsereturn 1fi
}case $1 instart)log_daemon_msg Starting $DESC $NAMEstart_nginxcase $? in0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;2) log_end_msg 1 ;;esac;;stop)log_daemon_msg Stopping $DESC $NAMEstop_nginxcase $? in0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;2) log_end_msg 1 ;;esac;;restart)log_daemon_msg Restarting $DESC $NAME# Check configuration before stopping nginxif ! test_config; thenlog_end_msg 1 # Configuration errorexit $?fistop_nginxcase $? in0|1)start_nginxcase $? in0) log_end_msg 0 ;;1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to startesac;;*)# Failed to stoplog_end_msg 1;;esac;;reload|force-reload)log_daemon_msg Reloading $DESC configuration $NAME# Check configuration before stopping nginx## This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary# may differ from the in-memory one, but thats not common.# We prefer to check the configuration and return an error# to the administrator.if ! test_config; thenlog_end_msg 1 # Configuration errorexit $?fireload_nginxlog_end_msg $?;;configtest|testconfig)log_daemon_msg Testing $DESC configurationtest_configlog_end_msg $?;;status)status_of_proc -p $PID $DAEMON $NAME exit 0 || exit $?;;upgrade)log_daemon_msg Upgrading binary $NAMEupgrade_nginxlog_end_msg $?;;rotate)log_daemon_msg Re-opening $DESC log files $NAMErotate_logslog_end_msg $?;;*)echo Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade} 2exit 3;;
esac 脚本 还有一个好处创建好的文件由于放在/usr/sbin目录下所以能直接在终端中使用nginx命令而无需指定路径。 二、通过源码包编译安装 这种方式可以自定安装指定的模块以及最新的版本。方式更灵活。 官方下载页面http://nginx.org/en/download.html configure配置文件详解http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html 安装gcc g的依赖库 Nginx是C语言开发安装nginx需要先将官网下载的源码进行编译编译依赖gcc环境如果没有gcc环境 sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libtool centos的话yum install gcc-c 安装pcre依赖库http://www.pcre.org/ 是一个Perl库包括 perl 兼容的正则表达式库。nginx的http模块使用pcre来解析正则表达式所以需要在linux上安装pcre库 sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev centos的话yum install -y pcre pcre-devel 安装zlib依赖库http://www.zlib.net zlib库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩的方式nginx使用zlib对http包的内容进行gzip所以需要在linux上安装zlib库 sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev centos的话yum install -y zlib zlib-devel 安装SSL依赖库16.04默认已经安装了 OpenSSL 是一个强大的安全套接字层密码库囊括主要的密码算法、常用的密钥和证书封装管理功能及SSL协议并提供丰富的应用程序供测试或其它目的使用。nginx不仅支持http协议还支持https即在ssl协议上传输http所以需要在linux安装openssl库。 sudo apt-get install openssl centos的话yum install -y openssl openssl-devel 安装Nginx #下载最新版本
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
#解压
tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
#进入解压目录
cd nginx-1.13.6
#配置
./configure --prefix/usr/local/nginx
#编译
make
#安装
sudo make install
#启动
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
注意-c 指定配置文件的路径不加的话nginx会自动加载默认路径的配置文件可以通过-h查看帮助命令。
#查看进程
ps -ef | grep nginx 关于configure、make、make install 源码的安装一般由有这三个步骤配置(configure)、编译(make)、安装(make install)其中–prefix选项就是配置安装的路径如果不配置该选项安装后可执行文件默认放在/usr /local/bin库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share比较分散。为了便于集中管理某个软件的各种文件可以配置–prefix如
./configure –prefix/usr/local
可以把所有资源文件放在/usr/local的路径中就不会分散了。 配置软链接 sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx 现在就可以不用路径直接输入nginx启动。 配置开机启动服务 在/etc/init.d/下创建nginx文件sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx内容如下 #!/bin/sh### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFOPATH/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAMEnginx
DESCnginx# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then. /etc/default/nginx
fiSTOP_SCHEDULE${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}test -x $DAEMON || exit 0. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions# Try to extract nginx pidfile
PID$(cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf | grep -Ev ^\s*# | awk BEGIN { RS[;{}] } { if ($1 pid) print $2 } | head -n1)
if [ -z $PID ]; thenPID/run/nginx.pid
fiif [ -n $ULIMIT ]; then# Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginxulimit $ULIMIT
fistart_nginx() {# Start the daemon/service## Returns:# 0 if daemon has been started# 1 if daemon was already running# 2 if daemon could not be startedstart-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test /dev/null \|| return 1start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \$DAEMON_OPTS 2/dev/null \|| return 2
}test_config() {# Test the nginx configuration$DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS /dev/null 21
}stop_nginx() {# Stops the daemon/service## Return# 0 if daemon has been stopped# 1 if daemon was already stopped# 2 if daemon could not be stopped# other if a failure occurredstart-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAMERETVAL$?sleep 1return $RETVAL
}reload_nginx() {# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/servicestart-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAMEreturn 0
}rotate_logs() {# Rotate log filesstart-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAMEreturn 0
}upgrade_nginx() {# Online upgrade nginx executable# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html## Return# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded# 1 if nginx is not running# 2 if the pid files were not created on time# 3 if the old master could not be killedif start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then# Wait for both old and new master to write their pid filewhile [ ! -s ${PID}.oldbin ] || [ ! -s ${PID} ]; docntexpr $cnt 1if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; thenreturn 2fisleep 1done# Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old masterif start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile ${PID}.oldbin --name $NAME; thenreturn 0elsereturn 3fielsereturn 1fi
}case $1 instart)log_daemon_msg Starting $DESC $NAMEstart_nginxcase $? in0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;2) log_end_msg 1 ;;esac;;stop)log_daemon_msg Stopping $DESC $NAMEstop_nginxcase $? in0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;2) log_end_msg 1 ;;esac;;restart)log_daemon_msg Restarting $DESC $NAME# Check configuration before stopping nginxif ! test_config; thenlog_end_msg 1 # Configuration errorexit $?fistop_nginxcase $? in0|1)start_nginxcase $? in0) log_end_msg 0 ;;1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to startesac;;*)# Failed to stoplog_end_msg 1;;esac;;reload|force-reload)log_daemon_msg Reloading $DESC configuration $NAME# Check configuration before stopping nginx## This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary# may differ from the in-memory one, but thats not common.# We prefer to check the configuration and return an error# to the administrator.if ! test_config; thenlog_end_msg 1 # Configuration errorexit $?fireload_nginxlog_end_msg $?;;configtest|testconfig)log_daemon_msg Testing $DESC configurationtest_configlog_end_msg $?;;status)status_of_proc -p $PID $DAEMON $NAME exit 0 || exit $?;;upgrade)log_daemon_msg Upgrading binary $NAMEupgrade_nginxlog_end_msg $?;;rotate)log_daemon_msg Re-opening $DESC log files $NAMErotate_logslog_end_msg $?;;*)echo Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade} 2exit 3;;
esac 脚本 - #设置服务脚本有执行权限
sudo chmod x /etc/init.d/nginx
#注册服务cd /etc/init.d/
sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults 现在基本上就可以开机启动了常用的命令如下 sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade} 转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/dongye95/p/11196118.html
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