网站设计的初衷,4G访问wordpress,交易网站开发,仪器网站模板来源#xff1a;文汇报《科学》杂志曾于创刊125周年之际发布过125个推动基础科学研究的科学难题#xff0c;对指引其后十几年的科学发展产生积极影响。16年过去了#xff0c;科技发展日新月异#xff0c;科学突破层出不穷#xff0c;许多问题得到一定程度的解答#xff0… 来源文汇报《科学》杂志曾于创刊125周年之际发布过125个推动基础科学研究的科学难题对指引其后十几年的科学发展产生积极影响。16年过去了科技发展日新月异科学突破层出不穷许多问题得到一定程度的解答一些问题更深入。“巨大的变化在许多科学领域发生现在正是回顾过往和展望未来的大好时机great time来寻找科学灵感。我相信这些问题将成为代表未来的年轻人思考的重要部分。”世界顶尖科学家协会副主席、2013年诺贝尔化学奖的主Michael Levitt在致辞中说到。此次125个科学问题《科学》杂志专刊作为交大建校125周年纪念活动之一问题征集结合国际前沿、全球共需、科学发展聚焦前瞻重大科学问题面向科学家、学生、社会征集。世界顶尖科学家协会也发挥资源优势邀请诺贝尔奖、沃尔夫奖、拉斯克奖、图灵奖、麦克阿瑟天才奖等世界“最强大脑”共同参与共同讨论人类当前与未来面对的科学问题。SJTU Science 125个科学问题Mathematical Sciences数学1. What makes prime numbers so special?1.什么使素数如此特别2. Will the Navier–Stokes problem ever be solved?2.纳维尔-斯托克斯问题会得到解决吗3. Is the Riemann hypothesis true?3.黎曼猜想是真的吗Chemistry化学1. Are there more color pigments to discover?1.还有更多色彩元素可发现吗2. Will the periodic table ever be complete?2.元素周期表会完整吗3. How can we measure interface phenomena on the microscopic level?3.如何在微观层面测量界面现象4. What is the future for energy storage4.能量存储的未来是怎样的5. Why does life require chirality?5.为什么生命需要手性6. How can we better manage the worlds plastic waste?6.我们如何更好地管理世界上的塑料废物7. Will AI redefine the future of chemistry?7.AI会重新定义化学的未来吗8. How can matter be programmed into living materials?8.物质如何被编码而成为生命材料9. What drives reproduction in living systems?9.是什么驱动生命系统的复制Medicine Health医学与健康1. Can we predict the next pandemic?1.我们可以预测下一次流行病吗2. Will we ever find a cure for the common cold?2.我们会找到治疗感冒的方法吗3. Can we design and manufacture medicines customized for individual people?3.我们可以设计和制造出为个人定制的药物吗4. Can a human tissue or organ be fully regenerated?4.人体组织或器官可以完全再生吗5. How is immune homeostasis maintained and regulated?5.如何维持和调节免疫稳态6. Is there a scientific basis to the Meridian System in traditional Chinese medicine?6.中医的经络系统有科学依据吗7. How will the next generation of vaccines be made?7.下一代疫苗将如何生产8. Can we ever overcome antibiotic resistance?8.我们能否克服抗生素耐药性9. What is the etiology of autism?9.自闭症的病因是什么10. What role does our microbiome play in health and disease?10.我们的微生物组在健康和疾病中扮演什么角色11. Can xenotransplantation solve the shortage of donor organs?11.异种移植能否解决供体器官的短缺问题Biology生命科学1. What could help conservation of the oceans?1.什么可以帮助保护海洋2. Can we stop ourselves from aging?2.我们可以阻止自己衰老吗3. Why can only some cells become other cells?3.为什么只有一些细胞会变成其他细胞4. Why are some genomes so big and others very small?4.为什么有些基因组非常大而另一些却很小5. Will it be possible to cure all cancers?5.有可能治愈所有癌症吗6. What genes make us uniquely human?6.哪些基因使我们人类与众不同7. How do migratory animals know where theyre going?7.迁徙动物如何知道它们要去哪里8. How many species are there on Earth?8.地球上有多少物种9. How do organisms evolve?9.有机体是如何进化的10. Why did dinosaurs grow to be so big?10.为什么恐龙长得如此之大11. Did ancient humans interbreed with other human-like ancestors?11.远古人类是否曾与其他类人祖先杂交12. Why do humans get so attached to dogs and cats?12.人类为什么会对猫狗如此着迷13. Will the worlds population keep growing indefinitely?13.世界人口会无限增长吗14. Why do we stop growing?14.我们为什么会停止生长15. Is de-extinction possible?15.能否复活灭绝生物16. Can humans hibernate?16.人类可以冬眠吗17. Where do human emotions originate?17.人类的情感源于何处18. Will humans look physically different in the future?18.未来人类的外貌会有所不同吗19. Why were there species explosions and mass extinction?19.为什么会发生物种大爆发和大灭绝20. How might genome editing be used to cure disease?20.基因组编辑将如何用于治疗疾病21. Can a cell be artificially synthesized?21.可以人工合成细胞吗22. How are biomolecules organized in cells to function orderly and effectively?22.细胞内的生物分子是如何组织从而有序有效发挥作用的Astronomy天文学1. How many dimensions are there in space?1.空间中有多少个维度2. What is the shape of the universe?2.宇宙的形状是怎样的3. Where did the big bang start?3.大爆炸从何处开始4. Why dont the orbits of planets decay and cause them to crash into each other?4.为什么行星的轨道不衰减并导致它们相互碰撞5. When will the universe die? Will it continue to expand?5.宇宙何时消亡它会继续膨胀吗6. Is it possible to live permanently on another planet?6.我们有可能在另一个星球上长期居住吗7. Why do black holes exist?7.为什么存在黑洞8. What is the universe made of?8.宇宙是由什么构成的9. Are we alone in the universe?9.我们是宇宙中唯一的生命体吗10. What is the origin of cosmic rays?10.宇宙射线的起源是什么11. What is the origin of mass?11.物质的起源是什么12. What is the smallest scale of space-time?12.时空的最小尺度是是多少13. Is water necessary for all life in the universe, or just on Earth?13.水是宇宙中所有生命所必需的么还是仅对地球生命14. What is preventing humans from carrying out deep-space exploration?14.是什么阻止了人类进行深空探测15. Is Einsteins general theory of relativity correct?15.爱因斯坦的广义相对论是正确的吗16. How are pulsars formed?16.脉冲星是如何形成的17. Is our Milky Way Galaxy special?17.我们的银河系特别吗18. What is the volume, composition, and significance of the deep biosphere?18.深层生物圈的规模、组成和意义是什么19. Will humans one day have to leave the planet (or die trying)?19.人类有一天会不得不离开地球吗还是会在尝试中死去20. Where do the heavy elements in the universe come from?20.宇宙中的重元素来自何处21. Is it possible to understand the structure of compact stars and matter?21.有可能了解致密恒星和物质的结构吗22. What is the origin of the high-energy cosmic neutrinos?22.高能宇宙中微子的起源是什么23. What is gravity?23.什么是重力Physics物理学1. Is there a diffraction limit?1.有衍射极限吗2. What is the microscopic mechanism for high-temperature superconductivity?2.高温超导的微观机理是什么3. What are the limits of heat transfer in matter?3.物质传热的极限是什么4. What are the fundamental principles of collective motion?4.集体运动的基本原理是什么5. What are the smallest building blocks of matter?5.什么是物质的最小组成部分6. Will we ever travel at the speed of light?6.我们会以光速行驶吗7. What is quantum uncertainty and why is it important?7.什么是量子不确定性为什么它很重要8. Will there ever be a theory of everything?8.会有“万有理论”吗9. Why does time seem to flow in only one direction?9.为什么时间似乎只朝一个方向流动10. What is dark matter?10.什么是暗物质11. Can we make a real, human-size invisibility cloak?11.我们可以制作出真人大小的隐形斗篷吗12. Are there any particles that behave oppositely to the properties or states of photons?12.是否存在与光子性质或状态相反的粒子13. Will the Bose-Einstein condensate be widely used in the future?13.玻色-爱因斯坦冷凝体未来会被广泛使用吗14. Can humans make intense lasers with incoherence comparable to sunlight?14.人类能制造出与太阳光相似的非相干强激光吗15. What is the maximum speed to which we can accelerate a particle?15.我们最多可以将粒子加速到多快16. Is quantum many-body entanglement more fundamental than quantum fields?16.量子多体纠缠比量子场更基本吗17. What is the optimum hardware for quantum computers?17.量子计算机的最佳硬件是什么18. Can we accurately simulate the macro- and microworld?18.我们可以精确模拟宏观和微观世界吗Information Science信息科学1. Is there an upper limit to computer processing speed?1.计算机处理速度是否有上限2. Can AI replace a doctor?2.AI可以代替医生吗3. Can topological quantum computing be realized?3.拓扑量子计算可以实现吗4. Can DNA act as an information storage medium?4.DNA可以用作信息存储介质吗Engineering Material Science工程与材料科学1. What is the ultimate statistical invariances of turbulence?1.湍流的最终统计不变性是什么2. How can we break the current limit of energy conversion efficiencies?2.我们如何突破当前的能量转换效率极限3. How can we develop manufacturing systems on Mars?3.我们如何在火星上开发制造系统4. Is a future of only self-driving cars realistic?4.纯无人驾驶汽车的未来是否现实Neuroscience神经科学1. What are the coding principles embedded in neuronal spike trains?1.神经元放电序列的编码准则是什么2. Where does consciousness lie?2.意识存在于何处3. Can human memory be stored, manipulated, and transplanted digitally?3.能否数字化地存储、操控和移植人类记忆4. Why do we need sleep?4.为什么我们需要睡眠5. What is addiction and how does it work?5.什么是成瘾6. Why do we fall in love?6.为什么我们会坠入爱河7. How did speech evolve and what parts of the brain control it?7.言语如何演变形成大脑的哪些部分对其进行控制8. How smart are nonhuman animals?8.除人类以外的其他动物有多聪明9. Why are most people right-handed?9.为什么大多数人都是右撇子10. Can we cure neurodegenerative diseases?10.我们可以治愈神经退行性疾病吗11. Is it possible to predict the future?11.有可能预知未来吗12. Can we more effectively diagnose and treat complex mental disorders?12.精神障碍能否有效诊断和治疗Ecology生态学1. Can we stop global climate change?1.我们可以阻止全球气候变化吗2. Where do we put all the excess carbon dioxide?2.我们能把过量的二氧化碳存到何处3. What creates the Earths magnetic field (and why does it move)?3.是什么创造了地球的磁场为什么它会移动4. Will we be able to predict catastrophic weather events (tsunami, hurricanes, earthquakes) more accurately?4.我们是否能够更准确地预测灾害性事件海啸、飓风、地震5. What happens if all the ice on the planet melts?5.如果地球上所有的冰融化会怎样6. Can we create an environmentally friendly replacement for plastics?6.我们可以创造一种环保的塑料替代品吗7. Can we achieve a situation where essentially every material can be recycled and reused?7.几乎所有材料都可以回收再利用是否可以实现8. Will we soon see the end of monocultures like wheat, maize, rice, and soy?8.我们会很快看到小麦、玉米、大米和大豆等单一作物的终结吗Energy Science能源科学1. Could we live in a fossil-fuel-free world?1.我们可以生活在一个去化石燃料的世界中吗2. What is the future of hydrogen energy?2.氢能的未来是怎样的3. Will cold fusion ever be possible?3.冷聚变有可能实现吗Artificial Intelligence人工智能1. Will injectable, disease-fighting nanobots ever be a reality?1.可注射的抗病纳米机器人会成为现实吗2. Will it be possible to create sentient robots?2.是否有可能创建有感知力的机器人3. Is there a limit to human intelligence?3.人类智力是否有极限4. Will artificial intelligence replace humans?4.人工智能会取代人类吗5. How does group intelligence emerge?5.群体智能是如何出现的6. Can robots or AIs have human creativity?6.机器人或 AI 可以具有人类创造力吗7. Can quantum artificial intelligence imitate the human brain?7.量子人工智能可以模仿人脑吗8. Could we integrate with computers to form a human-machine hybrid species?8.我们可以和计算机结合以形成人机混合物种吗未来智能实验室的主要工作包括建立AI智能系统智商评测体系开展世界人工智能智商评测开展互联网城市大脑研究计划构建互联网城市大脑技术和企业图谱为提升企业行业与城市的智能水平服务。每日推荐范围未来科技发展趋势的学习型文章。目前线上平台已收藏上千篇精华前沿科技文章和报告。 如果您对实验室的研究感兴趣欢迎加入未来智能实验室线上平台。扫描以下二维码或点击本文左下角“阅读原文”
