云南 网站建立,wordpress 注册邀请码,做网站需要什么软件教程,wordpress 编辑器 视频教程上一篇博文简要
在上一篇博文中已得知#xff1a;使用 execute 向远程服务器发送请求会通过 webdriver 与浏览器交互#xff0c;且发送已定义的命令常量可获得一些相关信息。
其中 execute 方法实现已经在上一篇博文中有实现说明。并且在我们已经知道 webdriver基类#x…上一篇博文简要
在上一篇博文中已得知使用 execute 向远程服务器发送请求会通过 webdriver 与浏览器交互且发送已定义的命令常量可获得一些相关信息。
其中 execute 方法实现已经在上一篇博文中有实现说明。并且在我们已经知道 webdriver基类selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver中实现了操作页面元素的基本方法。
通过简单运用全面学习
假设现在需要打开百度搜索“CSDN A757291228”该如何进行操作呢? 通过查找 webdriver基类selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver找到了以下几个查找元素的方法
def find_element_by_id(self, id_):Finds an element by id.:Args:- id\_ - The id of the element to be found.:Returns:- WebElement - the element if it was found:Raises:- NoSuchElementException - if the element wasnt found:Usage:element driver.find_element_by_id(foo)return self.find_element(byBy.ID, valueid_)def find_elements_by_id(self, id_):Finds multiple elements by id.:Args:- id\_ - The id of the elements to be found.:Returns:- list of WebElement - a list with elements if any was found. Anempty list if not:Usage:elements driver.find_elements_by_id(foo)return self.find_elements(byBy.ID, valueid_)def find_element_by_xpath(self, xpath):Finds an element by xpath.:Args:- xpath - The xpath locator of the element to find.:Returns:- WebElement - the element if it was found:Raises:- NoSuchElementException - if the element wasnt found:Usage:element driver.find_element_by_xpath(//div/td[1])return self.find_element(byBy.XPATH, valuexpath)def find_elements_by_xpath(self, xpath):Finds multiple elements by xpath.:Args:- xpath - The xpath locator of the elements to be found.:Returns:- list of WebElement - a list with elements if any was found. Anempty list if not:Usage:elements driver.find_elements_by_xpath(//div[contains(class, foo)])return self.find_elements(byBy.XPATH, valuexpath)def find_element_by_link_text(self, link_text):Finds an element by link text.:Args:- link_text: The text of the element to be found.:Returns:- WebElement - the element if it was found:Raises:- NoSuchElementException - if the element wasnt found:Usage:element driver.find_element_by_link_text(Sign In)return self.find_element(byBy.LINK_TEXT, valuelink_text)def find_elements_by_link_text(self, text):Finds elements by link text.:Args:- link_text: The text of the elements to be found.:Returns:- list of webelement - a list with elements if any was found. anempty list if not:Usage:elements driver.find_elements_by_link_text(Sign In)return self.find_elements(byBy.LINK_TEXT, valuetext)def find_element_by_partial_link_text(self, link_text):Finds an element by a partial match of its link text.:Args:- link_text: The text of the element to partially match on.:Returns:- WebElement - the element if it was found:Raises:- NoSuchElementException - if the element wasnt found:Usage:element driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(Sign)return self.find_element(byBy.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, valuelink_text)def find_elements_by_partial_link_text(self, link_text):Finds elements by a partial match of their link text.:Args:- link_text: The text of the element to partial match on.:Returns:- list of webelement - a list with elements if any was found. anempty list if not:Usage:elements driver.find_elements_by_partial_link_text(Sign)return self.find_elements(byBy.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, valuelink_text)def find_element_by_name(self, name):Finds an element by name.:Args:- name: The name of the element to find.:Returns:- WebElement - the element if it was found:Raises:- NoSuchElementException - if the element wasnt found:Usage:element driver.find_element_by_name(foo)return self.find_element(byBy.NAME, valuename)def find_elements_by_name(self, name):Finds elements by name.:Args:- name: The name of the elements to find.:Returns:- list of webelement - a list with elements if any was found. anempty list if not:Usage:elements driver.find_elements_by_name(foo)return self.find_elements(byBy.NAME, valuename)def find_element_by_tag_name(self, name):Finds an element by tag name.:Args:- name - name of html tag (eg: h1, a, span):Returns:- WebElement - the element if it was found:Raises:- NoSuchElementException - if the element wasnt found:Usage:element driver.find_element_by_tag_name(h1)return self.find_element(byBy.TAG_NAME, valuename)def find_elements_by_tag_name(self, name):Finds elements by tag name.:Args:- name - name of html tag (eg: h1, a, span):Returns:- list of WebElement - a list with elements if any was found. Anempty list if not:Usage:elements driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(h1)return self.find_elements(byBy.TAG_NAME, valuename)def find_element_by_class_name(self, name):Finds an element by class name.:Args:- name: The class name of the element to find.:Returns:- WebElement - the element if it was found:Raises:- NoSuchElementException - if the element wasnt found:Usage:element driver.find_element_by_class_name(foo)return self.find_element(byBy.CLASS_NAME, valuename)def find_elements_by_class_name(self, name):Finds elements by class name.:Args:- name: The class name of the elements to find.:Returns:- list of WebElement - a list with elements if any was found. Anempty list if not:Usage:elements driver.find_elements_by_class_name(foo)return self.find_elements(byBy.CLASS_NAME, valuename)def find_element_by_css_selector(self, css_selector):Finds an element by css selector.:Args:- css_selector - CSS selector string, ex: a.nav#home:Returns:- WebElement - the element if it was found:Raises:- NoSuchElementException - if the element wasnt found:Usage:element driver.find_element_by_css_selector(#foo)return self.find_element(byBy.CSS_SELECTOR, valuecss_selector)def find_elements_by_css_selector(self, css_selector):Finds elements by css selector.:Args:- css_selector - CSS selector string, ex: a.nav#home:Returns:- list of WebElement - a list with elements if any was found. Anempty list if not:Usage:elements driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(.foo)return self.find_elements(byBy.CSS_SELECTOR, valuecss_selector)
def find_element(self, byBy.ID, valueNone):Find an element given a By strategy and locator. Prefer the find_element_by_* methods whenpossible.:Usage:element driver.find_element(By.ID, foo):rtype: WebElementif self.w3c:if by By.ID:by By.CSS_SELECTORvalue [id%s] % valueelif by By.TAG_NAME:by By.CSS_SELECTORelif by By.CLASS_NAME:by By.CSS_SELECTORvalue .%s % valueelif by By.NAME:by By.CSS_SELECTORvalue [name%s] % valuereturn self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT, {using: by,value: value})[value]def find_elements(self, byBy.ID, valueNone):Find elements given a By strategy and locator. Prefer the find_elements_by_* methods whenpossible.:Usage:elements driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, foo):rtype: list of WebElementif self.w3c:if by By.ID:by By.CSS_SELECTORvalue [id%s] % valueelif by By.TAG_NAME:by By.CSS_SELECTORelif by By.CLASS_NAME:by By.CSS_SELECTORvalue .%s % valueelif by By.NAME:by By.CSS_SELECTORvalue [name%s] % value# Return empty list if driver returns null# See https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues/4555return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENTS, {using: by,value: value})[value] or []从以上实现的方法中execute 方法实现在这里不在赘述实现上一节已有说明本节主要介绍方法使用。
首先查看 find_element_by_id 方法的使用在方法说明中已经介绍使用方法
element driver.find_element_by_id(foo)该方法注释说明为以下为了清晰说明使用截图展示注释 通过注释说明得知find_element_by_id 方法找到id为指定值的元素并返回这个元素。
查看具体实现为
self.find_element(byBy.ID, valueid_)以上实现调用了 find_element 方法并且传入 by的值为By.ID随后传入具体值首先查看By类selenium.webdriver.common.by
class By(object):Set of supported locator strategies.ID idXPATH xpathLINK_TEXT link textPARTIAL_LINK_TEXT partial link textNAME nameTAG_NAME tag nameCLASS_NAME class nameCSS_SELECTOR css selector这个类与Commandselenium.webdriver.remote.command类作用类似上节已说明Command在这里也不过多说明By。
在这里查看 find_element 方法实现
def find_element(self, By.ID, valueNone):Find an element given a By strategy and locator. Prefer the find_element_by_* methods whenpossible.:Usage:element driver.find_element(By.ID, foo):rtype: WebElementif self.w3c:if by By.ID:by By.CSS_SELECTORvalue [id%s] % valueelif by By.TAG_NAME:by By.CSS_SELECTORelif by By.CLASS_NAME:by By.CSS_SELECTORvalue .%s % valueelif by By.NAME:by By.CSS_SEhj0ECTORvalue [name%s] % valuereturn self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT, {using: by,value: value})[value]以上类首先判断查找类型随后进行值的拼接最后把查找方式和值传入 execute 方法中随后返回元素对象。
几乎所有的元素查找方法实现相同我们简单实用这个函数。
写代码前我们需要打开百度网址审查元素查找id值 得到输入框的id值为kw那么代码应该如下
from selenium import webdriver
driver webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(https://www.baidu.com/)
input driver.find_element_by_id(kw)# print(作者博客https://blog.csdn.net/A757291228)
#支持原创转载请贴上链接由于查到到元素后返回的是元素对象 在元素类selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement中查找方法找到如下方法
def send_keys(self, *value):Simulates typing into the element.:Args:- value - A string for typing, or setting form fields. For settingfile inputs, this could be a local file path.Use this to send simple key events or to fill out form fields::form_textfield driver.find_element_by_name(username)form_textfield.send_keys(admin)This can also be used to set file inputs.::file_input driver.find_element_by_name(profilePic)file_input.send_keys(path/to/profilepic.gif)# Generally its better to wrap the file path in one of the methods# in os.path to return the actual path to support cross OS testing.# file_input.send_keys(os.path.abspath(path/to/profilepic.gif))# transfer file to another machine only if remote driver is used# the same behaviour as for java bindingif self.parent._is_remote:local_file self.parent.file_detector.is_local_file(*value)if local_file is not None:value self._upload(local_file)self._execute(Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ELEMENT,{text: .join(keys_to_typing(value)),value: keys_to_typing(value)})
# Private Methodsdef _execute(self, command, paramsNone):Executes a command against the underlying HTML element.Args:command: The name of the command to _execute as a string.params: A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command.Returns:The commands JSON response loaded into a dictionary object.if not params:params {}params[id] self._idreturn self._parent.execute(command, params)得知 send_keys 也是通过 execute 发送命令得到结果。在注释说明中得到了 send_keys 的使用方法为
form_textfield.send_keys(admin)我们修改之前的代码
from selenium import webdriver
driver webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(https://www.baidu.com/)
input driver.find_element_by_id(kw)
input.send_keys(CSDN A757291228)# print(作者博客https://blog.csdn.net/A757291228)
#支持原创转载请贴上链接最后还查个点击即可完成自动化搜索功能我们继续查看元素类找到如下方法
def click(self):Clicks the element.self._execute(Command.CLICK_ELEMENT)click 方法与 send_keys 方法实现相同不在赘述。直接使用click方法即可进行元素的点击。查找百度搜索点击按钮的id 修改代码如下
from selenium import webdriver
driver webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(https://www.baidu.com/)
input driver.find_element_by_id(kw)
input.send_keys(CSDN A757291228)
enter driver.find_element_by_id(su)
enter.click()
# print(作者博客https://blog.csdn.net/A757291228)
#支持原创转载请贴上链接运行结果如下
总结
我们简单的学习了使用 selenium 打开浏览器搜索 了“CSDN A757191228” 在这个简单的例子的学习中学习到的不仅是这个例子原本的那几行代码通过实现分析了解了其它功能函数所在的位置可以通过这些功能函数实现自己想要的功能
从框架实现上分析可以事半功倍的学习框架的使用以及了解框架的实现原理更加利于我们的开发使用。
